- 
    age = x ± y 
     (| z)
    
    where:
    
    
  
- 
    
      (234U/238U)i
    
    
      (230Th/232Th)i
    
    = x ± y
    (| z)
    
    where:
    
    
  
- 
    MSWD = x, p(χ2) = y 
    
    where:
    
    
  
- 
    dispersion = x ± y
    
    where:
    
    
  
 
Ludwig, K.R., 2003. Mathematical–statistical treatment of data and
errors for 230 Th/U geochronology.
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 52(1), pp.631-656.